Friday, November 29, 2019

Google Company Analysis

Table of Contents Introduction Google leadership Google products and services The current position Google SWOT analysis Financial status References Introduction Google is a company which started as a research project for two Ph. D students in 1996. Google is a company that was founded on September 4, 1998. This company was founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin who were at that time students at the Stanford University. The company name was derived from a spelling error of the word â€Å"googol,† which means 10100.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Google Company Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This implies that Google is a search engine which is used by the internet users to locate information from the World Wide Web. The company’s headquarters are located in Mountain View, California. As a company, Google has grown rapidly since 1998. This growth has provided the company with capital wh ich has translated in remarkable expansion that has been observed. Currently, Google is a publicly held corporation. As per the records dated December 31, 2008, the company had full time employees totaling to 20,222. The company’s initial public offering took place on august 24, 2004. This resulted in raising $ 1.67 billion, which implied that the company’s approximate stood at $23 billion. Currently, the company stands as one of the powerful and reputable brands across the globe. Today, this company continues to grow as it has been indicated by its growth in terms of stock. Essentially, from an initial price of $100 per share, the share price grew to $500 in 2008. This company is ranked as one of the five most reputable sites on the web. In the US, the company is raked as number one, among other countries. Essentially, this company attracts over 40 million users every month. This company has grown as an advertising company. Essentially, the company generated revenues worth $16 billion in 2007. Google leadership Just like another organization, Google depends on its leadership to steer the company in the direction which is in line with the company’s vision and objectives. The top leadership is made up of a board of directors and executive officers. The board of directors is made up off the following members; Larry page Eric Schmidt Sergey Brin Doerr John Green Diane Hennerssy John Otellini Paul Shriram Ram Tilghman Shirley. The executive officers is made up ofAdvertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Schmidt Eric Larry Page Sergey Brin Arora Nikesh Drummond David Pichette Patrick. Google products and services Google has established itself as a popular online search engine. Due to rapid technological advancement, the company has been forced to come up with new ideas regarding some of the services and projects that it offers. Essentially , Google has taken up an innovation approach which has evolved it into a software company which has gradually threatened the Microsoft dominance. The company has quietly been launching products which have gained prominence in the information technology world. Some of the products that Google has successfully launched include desktop search; Gmail; software to manage, edit, and send digital photos; and programs for creating, editing and posting documents. Google’s core business is the internet search engine. As a company, it has established several services which have been used by online users to get their work done. For instance, the Google groups is a service which enables the users to search newsgroups, while at the same time host mailing lists. The company launched Google video in 2006 which offers the users to search as well as view video content online. In addition, this offers television companies to cast their shows on CBS, NBA music and games. Essentially, videos whic h are offered through this media are protected by Google’s digital management system which monitors operations on the Google site. Google has also utilized the satellite technology to come up with Google maps which has enabled users to locate their direction anywhere on earth. This service has been accompanied by ad on devices which enable a user to be able to know exactly what happens within a given location for instance, crime rates or specific locations such as gas stations. The Gmail service generates revenue through or by displaying advertisements. In summary, Google offers the following services, Froogle, Google answers, Google catalogues, Google groups, Google image search, Google labs, Google news, Google special searches, Google university search, Google web directory, Google web search and Google wireless.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Google Company Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The current position Currently, Google is the search engine leader. Google has been ranked by bodies such as NPD to be the most effective search engine. Among other search engines. Google – approximately 150 million searches per day Inktomi – approximately 80 million searches per day Alta Vista – approximately 50 million searches per day Direct Hit – approximately 20 million searches per day Fast – approximately 12 million searches per day Galaxy – approximately 100, 000 visitors per day Google has claimed that it has been able to attain its targets through utilizing a unique combination of software and hardware of advanced and superior technology. Currently Google plans to capture more users. This has been exhibited by ensuring that it has been able to penetrate other markets across the globe such as China. Essentially, Google indexes more than 60 languages on its pages. Google SWOT analysis A SWOT analysis is a technique which is used to establish the prospects and the potential threats of a company. In this case, SWOT analysis enables an organization to evaluate the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that it faces. This enables the organization to be able to gain an understanding as to how it can place itself in the market. In the case of Google, the company has got the following strengths. First, the Google search engine is readily accessible in most places across the globe. The speed of the search engine gives it an edge in the industry against other search engines. In addition, it has been able to integrate several languages thus enabling users from diverse backgrounds to be able to use it. The strategy which the management has employed at the company has enabled the company to always come up with new projects which have gained market share with time. Some of the weaknesses which Google has faced include the inability for a user to distinguish between good content and content that may not be good. This implies that the company has faced a major challenge when it comes to verifying the credibility of information that it gets. This has predisposed some of the products and information found to be subject to manipulation by the users. In addition, despite the fact that the company has come up with many products many of them are not known by the users. Some of the opportunities which this company has include the fact that the technological boom has boosted the company’s ability to innovate.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Google’s ability to acquire other companies such as YOUTUBE has opened up more opportunities for it to explore. Furthermore, the company has a huge user base which enables it to get a market edge over other competitors. Lastly the threats which are faced by this company include the fact that it faces stiff competition from other search engines like Yahoo and Bing. Furthermore, it has not been able to fully penetrate in other market areas such as Russia and China. Other emerging threats include the emerging trends which the company has to contend with. Recent new items As a company which is in the information sector, Google has been working towards establishing links and coming up with new products and services to match the growing demand. From the 2011 financial review Google had outstanding revenue of $ 10.58 billion. The company has expanded its operations by opening new branches in other parts of the world in order to meet the rising demand on quality and innovative produc ts. As a consequence of opening up new markets, the company has increased its employee base. For instance, in Europe the employee base has grown up to 72 percent. Due to the company culture associated with Google, employees are required to commit 20 percent of their time in coming up with new products. As a consequence of this, the company has been able to come up with better versions of services such as enhanced ability to get products on the mobile, the ability to translate texts from one language to another and the ability to obtain scholarly articles for the scholars who find it necessary to use Google. Financial status As a company, Google’s financial status is healthy. This is based on the increased revenue ever since it was listed as a corporate company. It is worth noting that Google has grown financially due to the rising demand of quality internet services. This has bolstered its capacity to increase its revenue and come up with new services and products. The Google company incomes from 2002 to 2006 indicate a steady growth informs of a promising growth capacity. Annual Income Statement ($ in Millions) 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Sales $440 $1,466 $3,189 $6,139 $10,605 Cost Of Goods 132 626 1,458 2,572 4,225 Gross Profit $308 $840 $1,732 $3,567 $6,380 Selling Administrative Depr. Amort Expenses 122 498 612 1,460 2,830 Income After Depreciation Amortization $186 $342 $1,120 $2,107 $3,550 Non-Operating Income 0 4 -470 34 461 Interest Expense 2 0 0 0 0 Pretax Income $185 $347 $650 $2,142 $4,011 Income Taxes 85 241 251 676 934 Net Income $100 $106 $399 $1,465 $3,077 Depreciation Footnote Income Before Depreciation Amortization 215 398 2,401 2,401 4,122 Depreciation Amortization (Cash Flow) 29 55 148 294 572 Income After Depreciation Amortization $186 $342 $1,120 $2,107 $3,550 Earnings Per Share Data (EPS not in millions) Average Shares 0.00 0.00 272.78 291.87 309.55 Diluted EPS Befo re Non-Recurring Items 0.00 0.00 2.75 5.21 9.78 Diluted Net EPS 0.00 0.00 1.46 5.02 9.94 References Busby, M. (2003). Learn Google. Texas: Wordware Publishing, Inc. Duthel, H. (2008). Google Inc. Services – Google Tools – What is Google? New York: Lulu.com. Flamholtz, E., Yvinne, R. (2011). Corporate Culture:The Ultimate Strategic Asset. California: Stanford University Press. Stross, R. (2008). Planet Google:one company’s audacious plan to organize everything we know. New York: Simon and Schuster. This report on Google Company Analysis was written and submitted by user Coen Carrillo to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Monday, November 25, 2019

Chicago General Plan

Chicago General Plan One of state law requirements is that cities should prepare general plans and regularly update them. General plan is a long range and internally constituted statement of the city development and preservation policies. It serves as a constitution for the future physical development (Mell 45). It acts as a statement of community goals, values, objectives, and creates a future vision of the city.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Chicago General Plan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More General plan also referred as a development or comprehensive plan guides decision makers when making future decision. It helps them set community priorities and values which are helpful in making future decisions (Thomas 102). The general plan consists of goals, objectives, policies and actions that help to manage change. It also specifies what is essential to communities and portrays where different development should be allocated. Once a gen eral plan is adopted it should be evaluated regularly to enable the access effectiveness of various programs. These help decision makers to modify various programs in order to continue moving toward the set goals and help to remodify assumptions which may longer be relevant due to changing circumstances. Elements Of a general plan include: utilities, transport, land use, recreation and housing (Mell 234). City of Chicago is located in the U.S State of Illinois on the Southern western shore of Lake Michigan. It is the third biggest city in USA and covers 590 square kilometers. It is the pioneer of skyscraper building after building of a first ever skyscraper building, the Home Insurance Building. The skyscraper building started in Chicago after the Great Chicago fire which increased the price of land. This made architect adopt the trend of building upwards. Since then, other developers have followed this pattern making Chicago have a boom in the skyscraper buildings like Trump Intern ational Hotel and 55 East Erie (Carl 29). Chicago is one of the world greatest urban places and Lake Michigan and River Chicago define the heart of the city. Its broad lake front system, which is built beyond the original shoreline, distinguishes Chicago from any other city in the USA. The most valuable asset of Chicago is the lake front, its park system, the collection of cultural institution and entertainment facilities. Chicago is also distinguished from other cities like San Francisco by its flat topography which has allowed numerous building of tall buildings, which makes the city unique. It is also renowned in the world for its unique park system like the museum campus and Millennium Park (Carl 57). The Chicago transport system moves people masses and billions of dollars annually, and it is the hub of the world most extensive railway system, home of two busiest airports, have a well-established bicycle network and support the nations busiest transit system. Transport drives th e economy and thus should have well coordinated plan for managing the transport system (Mell 89).Advertising Looking for essay on transportation? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In coming up with an effective transportation plan, it is crucial to study the social, historical and economic characteristics of the city. This helps to detect possible deficiencies in the transport system and also help in coming up with future improvements (Thomas 122). Furthermore, when planning transport of the city its crucial to put into consideration the citys density as failure to manage this can harm businesses. The local government should plan for private vehicles parking by constructing large parking garage in areas where there is high population. Also, it is important to place higher densities of jobs or dwellers close to high transportation volume through what is called transit oriented development. This is a residential and comm ercial center designed to minimize access by transit and non motorized transportation. It consists of the grid street system, limited surface parking, efficient parking management, pedestrian and bicycle oriented design, mixed housing type, office and retail particularly on main streets. This also aids in boosting the transit system in Chicago (Carl 78). The railway infrastructure in Chicago is critical for growth of the nation’s commerce. Thus, investment should be continuously done to modernize the railway infrastructure. Plans should be implemented on how to decongest the railway system. This will help to improve future economic growth. It will also increase the efficiency and reliability of much of the nation rail service (Thomas 58). The state law requires cities to come up with the general plan and regularly update them. Thus, local government should continuously maintain and repair roads, for example, through patching up potholes and reconstruction of bridges (Carl 97) . This will help in the infrastructure modernization by using new materials, modern technologies and the best management technologies. Roadways should be consistent in width and materials. There is a necessity in coming up with procedures on how to ensure safety in the transport infrastructure. In the transport system, pedestrians share the right ways with fast moving vehicles and bicycles intermingle with delivery trucks. Thus, the local government should come up with effective plans of implementing, enforcement and education of safety measures to the masses. Moreover, ensure that all streets are designed and safe for all users, for example, the pedestrians, cyclist, motorists, children and people with disabilities. Good safety habits will help to decrease transportation risks and increase safety, efficient and enjoyable city (Mell 235).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Chicago General Plan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Great streets are crucial for businesses and can either harm or help businesses. Streets should have careful designs. Streets in residential areas should be free of traffic, and this will help neighbors gather and interact (Carl 300). The street in commercial zones must have a high notch of pedestrian facilities, wide side walkways and sitting areas to serve a multitude of visitors. Those in industrial areas must serve the needs of workers and businesses. There is requisite to come up with approaches on how to manage truck mobility. Most businesses rely on trucks for deliveries. Plans should be set to enable trucks find the best time and place to load and off load their goods. Drivers should be provided with better information to allow them get to their destinations as efficiently as possible (Mell 302). The local government can come up with a website where citizens can air their requests. For example, request for improvement and repairing of roads, signs and bridges. This w ill be in line with the local government vision of improving the services of Chicago people who are their customers, funders and neighbors (Thomas 202). The local government came up with a tree planting program called the Chicago Green Streets Program. They plant trees along and near major streets with an aim of increasing canopy cover (Carl 245). Trees appreciate in value, have economic value, ecological value and have social benefits. Plans should be put in place to introduce new species and carry out education to residents on the benefits of tree planting. In conclusion, when coming up with a Chicago City transport plan, it is important to consider the citys vision, mission and objectives. This will ensure that the city continues to be a vibrant internationally and aid in future decision making. Carl, Smith. The Plan of Chicago. U.S: University of Chicago Press, 2006. Print. Mell, Scott. American City Planning: Since 1890. U.S: University of California Press, 1971. Print.Adverti sing Looking for essay on transportation? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thomas, S Hines. Burnham of Chicago: Architect and Planner. U.S: University of Chicago Press, 2008. Print.

Friday, November 22, 2019

Assignment8 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Assignment8 - Assignment Example In particular, I care to know what you plan to do to address this issue. Sales are important to every business’ survival and growth, but you should draw the line between making a sale and making customers angry. I did not report these incidents to the managers at the time because these restaurants are so jam-packed that even managers are cleaning up tables and taking care of customer needs. I asked my friends and they also experienced these problems recently. I noticed that these cashiers are also new ones. I believe that you may be training them incorrectly by focusing too much on sales and not on ethics. What I want now is to know how you plan to address these complaints. I called your attention to see if your Hamburger University should look into these practices and how their training may be causing or contributing to it. I also want you to look into your corporate culture if ethics is no longer that strongly taught, modeled, and enforced. These are all duties under Human Resources, and as its top officer, I believe that you have the power to understand and resolve my concerns. As a long-time customer of McDonald’s, I want to help you deliver good food and services. You can start by investigating this issue if it is already widespread and determining proper and timely courses of

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Organisation and change Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Organisation and change - Article Example This brings loyalty from franchises and suppliers and they become more committed for the company's growth (Aswathappa, 2006). The company is however challenged by the need to continuously innovate to grow while operating flawlessly (Gubman and Russell, 2006). This report will find out how McDonald's is managing change to survive in the competitive business environment. The aim of this report is to present a consolidated change portfolio for McDonald's. The objective of this study is to find out the drivers of change for this fast food joint and this will be achieved by P.E.S.T and. Force-field analysis. The objective of the study is also to identify and justify the type of change McDonald's is facing. In addition, the report will present the process of managing change within McDonald's by using relevant change models. A number of books, journals and magazines have been used to collect information for preparing this report. The report will be divided into several sections and will also include a summary of findings and recommendations as well as conclusion. McDonald's has been asked by the US government to ensure the health of its customers. The company acknowledged that some of their suppliers were heavily using growth-stimulating antibiotics on chicken, beef and pork. These chemicals were proven to be injurious to human health and the authorities asked the food giant to help curb this practice. McDonald's has asked the suppliers from the meat industry to phase out the practice or lose business. The company is also working with People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals to improve the ways in which animals are raised and slaughtered (Greider, 2003). Economic The number of children also increased due to the rise in per capita income in the 1950s. This good economic period saw an increase in the number of suburbs in America and this encouraged the proliferation of chain restaurants such as McDonald's. The company opened restaurants in convenient locations where families in their cars could eat quickly the very affordable food (Debres, 2005). McDonald's restaurants were present in a large number of American suburbs by 1965 and the company avoided inner city locations until the 1970s. The company stepped outside US in 1967 and entered Canada and Puerto Rico. It then forayed into Europe and found out that it will not be successful if it continued to operate in the suburbs. There was no commercial development in the suburbs of Europe and the main markets were in the central cities (Debres, 2005). Social McDonald's popularity soared during the 1950s and 1960s when the Americans changed their lifestyle and began to enjoy the post-war period. More number of Americans decided to have more children and it became a common sight to see families with three or more children. McDonald's was oriented towards the family market and focussed on attracting small children, teenagers and young adults (Debres, 2005). Today, the customers visiting these food joints appreciate a sense of freedom they feel once they step into the facility. The young adults are very happy about the self-service concept and the minimal adult contact they have in

Monday, November 18, 2019

How does today's film in the U.S influence people perception of Research Proposal

How does today's film in the U.S influence people perception of Chinese culture (Please try to focus on a specific film genres) - Research Proposal Example Xie (9) has carried out a number of research projects on the influence of media on Asian stereotyping giving particular focus and emphasis on how the Chinese culture is portrayed in films in the United States of America (USA). In the research projects conducted, various issues were pointed out and they included; discrimination and racism. The goal of this research as the ones conducted byXie (7) is to identify how a majority of films in the United States of America (USA) miss represent the chines culture. The research shall focus on how Chinese men are represented by films in the USA, how Chinese women are represented by films in the USA, the level of violence associated to them as well as the morals and ethics about the Chinese culture that are miss represented or represented accordingly in the films. For example, a majority of the female chines characters are portrayed in many of the films in USA as being highly sexually seductive individuals and they are trained from a tender age to use this seductive technique to kill men. A majority of the films portray Chinese people as highly trained in elements of martial arts, these is evident in films where Chinese actors Jackie Chan and Jet Li are anchored, this exhibits fraudulent behavior (Chan, 3). Other films portray the Chinese as highly intelligent individuals, mostly appearing in films as computer wizards and sharp when it comes to solving puzzles and mathematical queries (Chan51)Not forgetting about the ethics and morals, some films portray chines girls as immoral, being used for sexual activities especially in the USA as illegal immigrants, other films portray the Chinese people as good and calm with high consideration of the four elements of nature i.e. land, water, and air (Stein, 7). With critical analysis of data intended to be collected, this research will help give a clear picture of what the Chinese culture is really about and whether what we see

Saturday, November 16, 2019

Myanmar Ministry of Social Welfare

Myanmar Ministry of Social Welfare Uniqueness of Myanmar Social Welfare Model Chapter 1 Introduction Myanmar Ministry of Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement was establish in the year 1953 and the government take the responsibilities of many social welfare activities and also keep expanding, in close collaboration with may United Nations agencies and international Non-governmental organization. Nowadays, United Nations agencies, Government Organizations and both local and international NGOs are carrying out the social welfare services in Myanmar in addition to the government social welfare departments. The department was formed 5 years during the parliamentary democratic government era soon after the country independent from the British colonial. After that as the Myanmar undergoes for many changing of the governments, such as democratic government, socialist government and military junta so the social welfare model of Myanmar is also changing from one government to another. It is of great interest for social work field to study what is the social welfare model that Myanmar is practicing. In this paper, I will try to discuss whether the Myanmar social welfare model can be explained by either Richard Titmuss models or Esping-Anderson models or combination or different from both. In chapter 2, I would like to do the literature review upon different definitions and models of social welfare in this chapter. In chapter 3, I would like to explain some information about the Social Welfare in Myanmar and try to identify which social welfare model can explain the practice. Chapter 4 will comprise the important of understanding Myanmar social welfare model and possible applicability of different models which might be best suited to country situation and culture so that the welfare services can provide the more efficiency towards the community. Chapter 2 Literature Review 2.1. Definitions of Social Welfare Social welfare includes those nonprofit functions of society, public or voluntary, which are clearly aimed at alleviating distress and poverty or at ameliorating the conditions of the casualties of society(R Dolgoff Feldstein, (2007). The another definition is all social interventions intended to enhance or maintain the social functioning of human beings(R. Dolgoff, Feldstein, Skolnik, 1997). The National Association of Social Work (NASW) defined Social Welfare as the full range of organized activities of voluntary and governmental agencies that seek to prevent, alleviate, or contribute to the solution of recognized social problems, or to improve the well-being of individuals, groups, or communities.(NASW, 1971) United Nations defined Social welfare as an organized function is regarded as a body of activities designed to enable individuals, families, groups and communities to cope with the social problems of changing conditions. In addition to and extending beyond the range of its responsibilities for specific services, social welfare has a further function within the broad area of a countrys social development. Social welfare should play a major role in contributing to the effective mobilization and deployment of human and material resources of the country to deal successfully with the social requirements of change, thereby participating in nation-building. (United Nations 1967) 2.2. Different models of social welfare Richard Titmuss (1970) introduced 3 models of social welfare which includes residual model, industrial-achievement model and institutional model. In residual model, it is charity and providing assistance in nature and the provision of social service is based upon selective either by mean testing or eligibility criteria. So, people can be socially stigmatized for the people who are receiving the social welfare services. The ideology of the residual model is based on the individual is responsible for trying to meet with the market economy and the welfare state is something to be avoided. In industrial achievement model, it mainly focuses on the individualist upon meritocratic and the provision is upon the individual merit. Hence, the nature of social welfare service is like workfare. In a meritocracy, society rewards (via wealth, position, and social status) those who show talent and competence as demonstrated by past actions or by competition. There is no social stigma and the welfare is upon the persons self-responsibility. In institutional model, Social welfare is seen as a normal and legitimate function of modern society (R. Dolgoff, et al., 1997). There is no stigma in this approach as it is regarded as a right of citizenship and most of the programs are universal and no more selective. Again, on the other hand, Esping-Anderson (1990) proposed that there is another three types of model namely conservative model, liberal model and social democratic model which are in fact equivalent to the Richard Titmuss (1970) 3 models of residual model, industrial-achievement model and institutional model respectively. The residual and industrial achievement models are similar in objecting excessive welfare. Table 1: Explanation of different models from different perspectives and the countries that are currently practices Richard Titmuss Model Residual Industrial Achievement Institutional Esping-Anderson Model Conservative Liberal Social Democratic Practising Country France, Germany, Austria UK, USA, Australia Sweden, Denmark, Norway Nature Charity, assistance Workfare Citizen right Basis of provision Selective (e.g. means test, eligibility) Individual merit Universal entitlement Social stigma May carry stigma Self-responsibility No stigma Ideology Free market, individual responsibility Individualist, Meritocratic Collectivist, State responsibility Government Role Non-intervention Non-intervention Intervention Chapter 3 Myanmar Social Welfare at a glance 3.1. Background of Myanmar Ministry of Social Welfare(YCDC, 2003) In Myanmar, the social welfare services are provided either from the government department, the department of social welfare or directly from UN, INGO and NGO services towards the community and vulnerable people. But still, as the government is military junta, every service either from the government or from the agencies need the government official approval in prior to any activities/services. When looking at the Ministry level, it has instituted three departments, the social welfare department, fire services department and relief and resettlement department. In addition to the three departments, the government has designated the Ministry of Social welfare, Relief and Resettlement as three national focal points Myanmar national Committee for womens affairs, National Committee on the Rights of the Childs Myanmar and National Committee on Social Development. Social Welfare in Myanmar claimed that they aim at helping towards a mutual adjustment of vulnerable and their social environment. The ministry has the following objectives of social welfare: 1. To assist the vulnerable groups so as to reintegrate into the society through social work methods. 2. To resettle and rehabilitate victims of disasters. 3. To make our country free from fire hazard. 4. To encourage the non-governmental organizations to participate in national movement for social development. 5. To train and form the fire service personnel and voluntary fire-men to become the reserve force to safeguard peace and stability of the state. In addition to the above objectives, the followings are the adopted policy of the Ministry. 1. Equalization of opportunities fore vulnerable group in Myanmar society. 2. The government attaches a high priority to the welfare of children, youth, women, national races residing in the disabled, the aged, socially handicapped and disadvantaged groups. 3. Responsible for rendering relief and resettlement services to victims of natural disasters such as earthquakes, storms, floods and fire disasters. The Union of Myanmar has also promulgated laws to ensure the rights and to protect the Citizen. Among the laws three are some basis laws which are directly concerned with Department of Social Welfare (DSW) to implement Social welfare programmes and for the protection of the socially handicapped citizens. These laws and regulation are Prostitution Suppression Act, 1949, Disabled Persons Employment Act, 1958 and The Child Law, 1993 under basic law. There are also 3 other related law present which are Registration of Kittima Adoption Ad, 1941. , Myanmar Maternal and Child Welfare Association Law (MMCWA), 1991 and Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substance law, 1993. The DSW implements social welfare services in eight different areas of social needs by both direct and indirect means. The different types of social welfare services includes child welfare service, youth welfare service, women welfare service, care of the aged, rehabilitation of disabled, rehabilitation of ex-drug addicts, rehabilitation and socialization of Vagrants and grant-in-aid to voluntary Organization. According to local needs and situations, the contribution of social services has been made by the Non-governmental organization (NGOs) with the collaboration of community. At present, with the encouragement of the government there has been abundance of NGOs in Myanmar national as well as international NGOs. Myanmar National Committee for Womens Affairs (MNCWA) was formed on 3 July 1996, to implement activities for the advancement of women systematically. Subsequently, the Myanmar National Working Committee for Womens Affair (MNWCWA) was formed on 7 October 1996, to facilitate the activities. The government also designated the Ministry of Social welfare, Relief and Resettlement as the National Focal Point for Womens Affairs. Myanmar has acceded to the convention on the Rights of the Child in 1991 and the Child Law was enacted in 1993. The National Committee on the Rights of the Child (NCRC) was formed in October 1993, headed by the Minister of Social Welfare. The Department is implementing social development programmes in collaboration with the Asia and Pacific as well as ASEAN member countries. In addition to the above services provided by Ministry of Social Welfare, the department is also involved in conducting the Post Graduate Diploma in Social Work which was recently started in 2006. Previously there is no social work training in the country even though the objective number 1 of Ministry which includes providing the services with social work methods. This course is funded by UNICEF, joint with Department of Social Welfare and Department of Psychology (Yangon University). 3.2. Analysis of the Myanmar Social Welfare Model Even thought the ministry set up the objectives, we can found out that they did not have clear objective upon how to help and provide services towards the vulnerable and oppressed people. And also the policy and the objectives are only at the policy level and never reach to the implementation level. The staffs from the department of social welfare are civil servants and they are not motivated at all due to their low pay salary and no learning opportunities for their services. The nature of the Myanmar Social Welfare is mixed in nature as the government did not provide the direct services to the people. The services are coming mostly from the UN/INGO/NGO and some community based organizations with in terms of charity and humanitarian assistance. Even though the Government claimed that the services are universal to all but still far away from the actual coverage as there is no citizen rights at all in the country. The basis of provision of social welfare either universal or selective is also depend upon in the project agreement with the donor agencies and their funding policy. Compulsary education of up to 5th grade is funded by Unicef so it is universal to all the children of the country. Universal immunization programme (UCI) and expanded programme for immunization (EPI) are funded by Unicef, JICA, Japan Vaccines, AusAid so all the children under 5 years of age received the all the vaccinations under the health programme free. But on the other hand, in public housing, it is not provided to general public. The government provided only to the government civil servants but even not all the civil servants received the housing. Only the higher level officials received the public housing. But all the military servants receive the public housing. So, we can term it as highly selective with bias and might not term it as social welfare service. Social security is also received only the civil servants especially towards the military servants and the government did not take into account of the general public or community. The government health care is cost sharing in nature and all the patients need to provide the cost of the medicines and diagnostic and laboratory charges. The other charges such as doctors fees, nurses fees, room fees are free when they are admitted to the government hospitals. There is a department called Medical Social Work department in most of the big hospital but they are no more functioning at all now. They just present as a one of the required structure for the hospital. The staffs are also not trained by proper social work techniques but if the patient is too poor to buy the required medicines or something, they can contact to this medical social worker. If there is any money, donated by anybody, is present in this medical social work department, they provided to this poor patient. If not, they cannot provide any support and it is some form of charity based assistance. Family, children and youth services are based upon the residential care approach as the department of social welfare has many training schools for youth, children and even for women. In fact, these training schools are the same as the detention centre or care centre and not all the youth and children staying there are allowed to go out of this so called training school. There is no proper service setting providing towards family violence and child abuse even though there are high rate of such cases inside the country. As the government accede the UNCRC, and they formed National CRC, state and divisional CRC and even township CRC all over the country but all these are not functioning at all. There are some government owned NGO (GONGO) such as Myanmar maternal and child welfare association (MMCWA) and Myanmar Women Affairs Federation (MWAF) but they are also only the political figures and helping towards some cases of family violence, gender based violence (GBV) and child abuse but as they are also not trained social workers in their organization, the services that they provided are also like material supports based upon the charity and humanitarian assistance approach. There is no systematically helping towards the vulnerable. One of the important components of the social welfare services, the elderly services are also provided by INGO/NGO mainly. The government provide very small amount of money and official registration to these home for aged. The department of social welfare did not have any residential care facilities towards the aged. Social services provided towards disability peoples and rehabilitation service is also one of the weak areas in Myanmar. The rehabilitation is mainly towards the disable from the military servants who has lost their legs due to mine in the frontiers. INGO/NGO are now trying to work towards the community based rehabilitation programme with the permission of the government. Many of the community development are organized and implemented by the UN/INGO/NGO and government Ministry of Progress of Border Areas and National Races and Development Affairs. But this government ministry is mainly focused upon the material development such as road, bridges etc and not emphasize on the human and social capital development. There are no specialised services or agencies working for the ex-prisoner or offender. The government has correctional department under the ministry of Home Affairs which is also known as department of prisons. After the offender release from the prison, there is no follow up or social welfare services towards them. And also there is no agencies working upon these peoples. There is only one training school for the whole country where all the juvenile delinquent are detained and provided the correctional training. Still the staffs assigned in this training school are not trained social workers. There is no social stigma upon receiving the social welfare services and even the people are proud of receiving the social welfare service assistance because very few peoples received these services. Government ideology upon social welfare is to make the social control upon the community. The government did not implementing services or even not they implemented, they are not efficiently implemented. They did excess intervention towards policy upon the providing the services by the agencies. Chapter 4 Conclusion According to the situational analysis of the social welfare services present in the country Myanmar, the current model that the government implementing is not either residual or industrial achievement or institutional model. And also there is no specific model because the department does the services at ad hoc basic depending upon the project proposed by the UN/INGO/NGO. Due to the ruling by the military junta, the department of social welfare did not have budget for their welfare services and so the department stands only as a focal point/liaison between the agencies and the government. And most of the agencies need to provide the services under the name of the department of social welfare. On conclusion, it is difficult to identify what is the social welfare model of Myanmar currently. But the country is in the transition stage from military junta to the multi-party election in the year 2010. And the general constitution is already drawn but still specific policies and rules will set up in the next newly elected government. So, we all hope that there will be a proper model for Myanmar social welfare in the hand of new government. Dolgoff, R., Feldstein, D. ((2007). Understanding Social Welfare: A Search for Justice (7th ed.). Boston: Allyn Bacon. Dolgoff, R., Feldstein, D., Skolnik, L. (1997). Examining a social welfare program: Structural components, alternative program characteristics, and evaluation (4th ed.). New York: Longman. NASW. (1971). Encyclopedia of Social Work (Vol. II). YCDC. (2003). Ministry of Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement.

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

1984 Essay --

Are you sitting comfortably? I find myself constantly drawn back to the subject of George Orwell’s 1984 it follows a dystopian community, which is set in a world that has been in continuous war, and has no privacy by means of surveillance and has complete mind control and is known by the name of Oceania. It keeps an eye on a man named Winston whose features are described as him having â€Å"a smallish, frail figure†¦his hair very fair, his face natural sanguine, [and] his skin roughened† (Orwell 2). This book illustrates to readers what the world would be like if we were under complete control of the Government, as a result, this book poses a couple motifs’ for instance Part One tackles â€Å"Collectivism† which means the government controls you, while Part Two fights with â€Å"Romance† because Winston and Julia’s love, and Part Three struggles with â€Å"Fear† and how it controls you physically and mentally. Likewise, George Orwell’s 1984 Part One Motif is â€Å"Collectivism† which means an economic or political system in which the government controls everything like land, business, and in Oceania’s case even to extent of mind control. This theme proves itself as you first turn the page in part one when it states â€Å"Big Brother is Watching You† (Orwell 2). Those five words that could be read under that poster seem to act as all he needs in this community to prove his control and authority. The motif played a main part here because it was all about someone not having their own control; it was about them having everything accepted by Big Brother whether what they inscribe in their journal, what their thoughts were, or even what they were doing because Big Brother is watching at all times. Part two of George Orwell’s 1984 motif is â€Å"Romance† because Winsto... ...f it no matter what even if it means betraying the people we care. In order to understand ourselves, we must first understand George Orwell’s 1984. This book expresses multiple motifs like Part one on Collectivism by the people of Oceania putting their community in the hands of Big Brother, or Part Two was about Romance between Julia and Winston and about how the party wanted to alter love for complete devotion to Big Brother, and later in Part Three it was about fear and how it can control you. We must ultimately comprehend how this book could prove more of a timeline of events taking place now if we don’t put steps inline to stop the Government from complete control, really we are the proles Orwell was mentioning we are the hope and we must utilize it. â€Æ' Works Cited Orwell, George. 1984: a novel. New York, N.Y.: Published by Signet Classic:, 1977. Print.

Monday, November 11, 2019

Motivation Essay

INTRODUCTION Motivation is the process of initiating and directing behaviour based on the persistence of effort to satisfy an individual goal or need (Petri, 1991; Robbins et al, 2000 and Robbins et al, 2001). There are two approaches to understanding motivation, each of which has theories expanding to support the nature of motivation. Content theories focuses on what motivates an individual. In contrast to process theories of motivation which focus on how individual behaviour is motivated. This essay will focus on motivation in an educational context and the importance to provide opportunities and motivation for students.The purpose of this essay is to present a theoretical overview of the key differences between content theories and process theories of motivation. Then a programme developed from a theory to be applied to an undergraduate business course at Monash University. The motivational programme will focus on improving the assessment technique used by lecturers and tutors (â €Å"teachers†) that will motivate and improve undergraduate students learning ability. The aim will be to encourage students to gain a better understanding of the core concepts of business.Assessment in universities needs to be reshaped in order to motivate students. CONTENT THEORIES OF MOTIVATION Content theories are also referred to, as need theories. That is, motivational theories that look at what individual needs motivate and direct behaviour to respond to specific goals. Many early theories from the 1950? s, include Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y and Herzberg’s motivation-hygiene theory, established core concepts which have helped explain motivation especially in an organisational setting.McClelland’s three needs theory is a more contemporary view on the content theory approach to motivation that focuses on three important needs in work situations. Each theory identifies individual needs in order to understand b ehaviour. The main factors that underlie this approach is the need to understand that individuals have different needs, and what can be offered in response to these different needs as well as the importance on the external working environment to give individuals the opportunity to satisfy their needs (Robbins et al, 2000, p558).An example of a content theory of motivation is Douglas McGregor theory of the A? A ±A? A µeconomic manA? A ±A? A ¶. He proposed 2 contrasting views of human nature. McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y suggested one negative (Theory X) and one positive (Theory Y) view on human beings. He â€Å"concluded that a manager’s view of the nature of human beings is based on a certain grouping of assumptions and that he or she tends to mould his or her behaviour towards employees according to these assumptions† (Robbins et al, 2001, p199).The negative assumptions were labeled â€Å"Theory X†, which held four dominant assumptions of wor kers. Workers dislike work and go to great strengths to avoid it. Based on this it is believed that workers need to be punished with tight control systems in order for them to achieve goals. In addition, workers lack responsibility, thus need formal directions from superiors to perform. Such Theory X workers are predominately motivated by lower-order needs according to Maslow’s hierarchy for example they need security.In contrast, â€Å"Theory Y† assumes higher order needs dominate individuals. Thus, Theory Y workers enjoy responsibility where they can exhibit self-direction and self-control. Therefore, in order to motivate workers, mangers need to provide a working environment that provides challenging jobs and minimal formalisation. Applying this to an educational context, it can be assumed that teachers can either have a Theory X or a Theory Y view of students. That is, teachers can view students as A? A ±A?A ·lazy or un-cooperative† (Theory X) OR as †Å"being clever and work hard† (Theory Y). Teachers that adapt a Theory Y approach, are more likely to be attuned to students’ needs, actively participate with students to increase student skill-development and learning (OECD, 2000). It is important for teachers to become more student-centered. Therefore assessment must â€Å"focus more on student learning outcomes and students’ attitudes about what they are learning and their role in the teaching and learning process† (Carey, Wallace and Carey, 2001).This can be better understood by considering process theories of motivation. Process theories of motivation set out to explain how people choose a course of action they will pursue, not solely on individual needs like content theories. PROCESS THEORIES OF MOTIVATION Despite the fact that content theories of motivation have helped many organisations understand employee motivation, many of their concepts alone do not provide a comprehensive understanding of moti vation. Therefore, the introduction of another approach to understanding motivation was brought about.Process theories of motivation attempt to explain the process of arousing behaviour, sustaining and regulating the pattern of behaviour (Ames and Ames, 1989). Theories include goal setting, reinforcement, equity and expectancy theory. â€Å"These theories attempt to explain why people choose to behave in a certain way and the reasons they react as they do† (Robbins et al, 2000, p558). In contrast to content theories of motivation, which looked at what initiates behaviour to satisfy a need, this approach broadens the perspective of motivation. It looks at the underlying reasoning that influence individuals to behave and respond in a certain way.Therefore, motivating students by either punishing them to perform or encouraging self-direction, the goal setting theory, identifies underlying factors that achieve a given behaviour, which is the key to understanding the process appro ach to motivation. Goal setting theory states that â€Å"specific and difficult goals, with goal feedback, lead to higher performance† (Robbins et al, 2001, p770). That is, work motivation can be increased with goal specific directed behaviour. It also proposes that difficult goals, provided that the individual has accepted them, lead to higher performance than general goals.However, feedback is essential in the achievement of specific and difficult goals â€Å"because feedback helps identify discrepancies between what they have done and what they want to do† (Robbins et al, 2000, p559). In order to gain the performance benefits of specific goals, feedback helps shape the individuals behaviour. Better still, self-generated feedback is a greater motivator as it allows the individual to monitor their progress. Robbins et al (2000) suggested that goal setting theory is best suited to cultures were there is a moderate power distance, low in uncertainty avoidance and high i n quantity of life like Australia and New Zealand.These ensure a reasonable level of independence amongst individuals and those individuals will not be threatened to take on difficult goals. Also the importance of performance is shared by all. In goal setting theory, â€Å"the characteristics of a goal and attitudes towards it are thought to be influenced by incentives, self-perceptions and the manner in which the goals are set† (Brotherton, 1999, p36). Therefore, in an educational context the teacher and student need to work together to determine behavioural strategies that will lead to performance.End-of course evaluations conducted by Monash University A? A ±A? A ·elicit students’ attitudes about instructors and the role that they play in the teaching/learning process† (Carey, Wallace and Carey, 2001). Such instruments assess students’ motivation for learning and allow for continuous course and program improvement. MOTIVATIONAL PROGRAMME Feedback fr om end-of course evaluations â€Å"usually prompts an ongoing adaptation of a course to the emerging learning needs of its students† (Panasuk and Leabaron, 1999).It was found that â€Å"students consistently expressed views that new assessment motivated them to work in different ways† (Sambell and McDowell, 1998). The aim in developing motivational programme for undergraduate students will focus on assessment reform applying the goal setting theory. This proposition will encourage students to target specific goals, in hope that it will result in higher performance. The programme will involve students in their evaluation process in order to motivate them to actively participate in their skill-development and improve learning. Every act of assessment gives a message to students about what they should be learning and how they should go about it† (Sambell and McDowell, 1998). The programme will suggest that goals based evaluation criteria will improve studentsâ€℠¢ motivation in turn achieving a greater level of performance. The programme will focus on behaviour related to undergraduate business students at Monash University. It will include a check mark grading system that will be designed around behavioural objectives. The check-mark systems sets a specific standard for document quality, and instructors give a paper a â€Å"check mark† when it meets the standard† (Sorenson, Savage and Hartman, 1993). Students are required to set their own achievement goals, in terms of grades based on their overall subject result. That way they can evaluate their progress toward their goals on their own with each assignment mark. â€Å"This necessitates defining goals for oneself, using self-directed strategies to accomplish these goals, and assessing progress† (Larsen and Thisted, 1999).The programme will involve behavioural objective questionnaires that will identify what the students want to achieve at Monash. This will include long- term goals (degree completion) as well as short-term goals (average subject result e. g. distinction, right down to improving structure of writing). â€Å"Defining tasks in terms of short-term goals can help students to associate effort with success, but of course long-term goals are also needed if students are to become lifelong â€Å"learners† (OECD, 2000, p. 31). It will also involve social objectives (develop a good rapport with teachers). Using behavioural objectives may help students organize and structure† their learning and â€Å"may produce positive attitudes toward learning† (Sorenson, Savage and Hartman, 1993). Also, they outline behavioural objectives of each student, which are associated with goal difficulty. In addition, a student performance evaluation form is to be handed in with each assignment, outlining specific goals that the essay is to achieve. For example, good use of relevant and current references, each paragraph systematically links one to the other etc.Also the overall mark the student expects on the assignment based on their effort. From this teachers are to use the check mark system and self-evaluation system to grade the work. It is very important to give feedback, especially in relation to student evaluation forms outlining their objectives. Limited feedback such as â€Å"meaning well done or â€Å"meaning re-consider, needs to be more specific. Effective feedback should provide shorthand comments, throughout the paper and on the marking sheet, clearly clarifying any issues. Such feedback is called evaluative feedback. Evaluative feedback helps the individual understand the performance information by comparing it to standards or to the individual’s own past performance† (Larsen and Thisted, 1999). In addition, it is important to direct them where possible to achieve a higher mark, therefore feedback needs to be constructive. â€Å"Constructive feedback is task-specific and focuses attention on the task† (Larsen and Thisted, 1999). By focusing on the task and â€Å"providing target objectives results in the achievement of more objectives† (Sambell and McDowell, 1998).When students use the check-mark system, they can identify what they must do to achieve higher marks. Obviously, the goal difficulty set by students varies among the constraints of his/her ability. In this programme, it is important to provide specific feedback and include student participation in selecting objectives. In light of this, between the behavioural objectives system, grading method and student outcomes, students should actually be motivated to increase performance under these systems. CONCLUSIONThe theoretical issues proposed in motivational theories such as the economic man developed by McGregor and the benefits of setting specific and difficult goals are important. The distinction on how they motivate an individual is a major influence on behaviour. Applying motivational theory to a n educational context we draw our attention toward skill development, satisfaction and achievement. In developing a motivational programme, the focus was on assessment reform focusing on undergraduate business students at Monash University. Teachers and students need to work together in assessing ones performance.It is believed that â€Å"individuals are mutually motivated to learn when they do not have to fear failure, when they perceive what they are learning as being personally meaningful and relevant and when they are in respectful and supportive relationships with teachers† (OECD, 2000, p29). Therefore, by using a goal setting approach to motivate students, student participation in selection of objectives in as â€Å"research on the motivational value of goals, both the check-mark and behavioural/performance objective systems seem to motivate students to improve performance† (Sorenson, Savage and Hartman, 1993).However, with today’s rapid change and emergen ce of new knowledge and theory, universities will have more concepts on which to build and develop on â€Å"motivating the school’s participants so as to obtain the best possible educational results† (Panasuk and Lebaron, 1999). http://www. writing-expert. com/blog/sample-essays/essay-on-motivation. html

Saturday, November 9, 2019

Free sample - The influence of mass media on the social life.. translation missing

The influence of mass media on the social life.. The influence of mass media on the social life.1. Nowadays it is very hard to overestimate the influence of mass media on the social life. It provides us with big quantity of information- movies, news, informative and educational TV-programs and for sure there is a lot of commercial information- advertising. In order to pick needed information from the flow of differently-oriented information, it is necessary to outline the general principles of its ‘consumption’ and to understand the principles of its work. According to the Stuart Hall â€Å"Encoding and Decoding†, it is possible to say that people get all needed information, especially commercial on the subliminal level. In other words, advertising and propagandistic films influence human mind indirectly, with the help of specially-developed psychological tools. Stuart Hall outlines the four staged theory of communication, which includes the following steps: production, circulation, use and reproduction. [1] According to the â€Å"Encoding and Decoding†, it is possible to outline three following hypothetical reader/viewer positions: first of all, the sender never determines the meaning of the message; secondly, it is very hard to understand the essence of the message for the audience, because the message is not transparent; and finally, the audience is not a passive recipient of meaning[2] According to the Halls concept, it is possible to say that sender never makes a strict determination of the message, because each viewer would make those conclusions, which are supported by his own moral standards and attitude towards some subject matter. In the Ang’s "Dallas and the Ideology of Mass Culture" we have found the following interpretation of mass culture: it makes its great impact on the social, life, while the mass serials like Dallas are widely watched and discussed by wide auditory; some of people like that serial, others do not, but it is still discussed, watched and it does not lose its popularity. It has become being the part of the social life. People live together with the main characters and they are waiting for watching the new episode in order to get the information, concerning the plot development. There is such an attitude towards mass consumption serials: some people feel comfortable and do not consider their life problems, while watching serial, such people live together with their heroes and do not care about their own and global problems. Mass culture serials development allows stage director (or letter-writer) to outline new ideas in the current culture and to create new mass culture – they include into the plot of the serial those issues and aspects, which would make significant influence on the social life: beginning from the fashions and accomplishing with the behaviour ideas. People would follow their beloved characters of serials and in such manner they would be trying to be alike to the serials’ main heroes.[3] According to the David Morley THE NATIONWIDE AUDIENCE, it is possible to make conclusions about the influence of the mass culture on different aspects of human lives. In such manner it is possible to create public opinion the desired way- to involve public opinion polls in order to ‘outline’ the general attitude towards some event. In such manner those people, who are not involved directly into the problematic, would be influenced by such ‘mass’ opinion. That allows preventing panic and at the same case such mass media tools mislead people, concerning current situation in the country.[4] Finally, Jacqueline Bobo has outlined in her THE COLOR PURPLE the possibility of using mass media tool for paying additional attention on the situation (in Jacquelines’ Bobo case - with the racial discrimination.   To conclude, we would like to stress that getting the message from the author means understanding all ideas, which laid the foundations of the movie or serial or advertising. The quality of such message could be measured by the number of those people, who have made conclusions, alike to the authors’ ones.[5] 2. Currently, is possible to outline one of the most powerful cultural moving today- fun clubs. They were developed and created in order to integrate different people with the same attitudes towards life values, towards some popular persons or towards some works of art. These people are usually very friendly and they are integrated by the common idea about development the mass culture tool- promoting, supporting and admiration with some person or group of people. Different actions, participants meetings and future actions consideration are the main directions of the fan clubs activities. To our opinion, it is possible to consider fan clubs as extension of audiences for some cultural activities. In order to prove the above said, we would like to consider the Star Trek fans, who have tried to achieve the social understanding if the homosexual relations and to prevent wide judgement this movement. They have considered the homosexual relations as a normal social event, which should be understood and supported by their society. They have achieved that level with the help of the following tools: they have proclaimed the slogan 'Out of the closet and into the universe’ – tending to be visual and ordinary and by mass national letter-writing campaign organisation. As a result, both these tolls have attracted mass attention towards that issue and that has made its influence of the situation improvement in the whole country. [6] Talking about the Titanic and DiCaprio funs, we would like to pay additional attention that the majority of its fans are young females (more that 60 percents of the general quantity) and their age does not exceed 25 y.o. in majority of cases. Titanic with DiCaprio is the blockbuster, which is based on the real historical events. It concerns such topics as welfare, love and human relations. Also such philosophical issue as the sense of life is outlined indirectly, because it is up to the audience to decide whether hero has made right decision of it would have been better to act another way to prevent such misfortune. The fun clubs have supported the popularity of this movie   for durable period of time and have significantly increased the revenue from its screening - majority of young ladies have watched it for several times- from 2 to 14 and that has attracted additional interest towards that issue from another female representatives of young age. In order to defend the favourite movie from the different negative journalistic and star discourse its fans have marginalized their desires, the fan club representatives have widely involved press into that process and there they have printed different articled, supported with DiCaprio photos and some desired of personal meetings, love and devotion towards main hero of this movie. In such manner young fans have constantly attracted some interest towards the Titanic and they have saved its popularity and the interest towards this movie for a durable period of time. [7] To conclude, we would like to stress that mass media and fun clubs create the populations’ attitude towards some social events, works of art and persons. It is very important to support such movements and to direct their activities into the positive course. Only in such manner it is possible to achieve the highest results and to combine the fan club legal activity and mass culture creation, support and development. Reference list: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ang, Ien. "Dallas and the Ideology of Mass Culture." The Cultural Studies Reader. Ed. Simon During. New York: Routledge, 1993. 403-420. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Bobo, Jacqueline (1988 ) Black women's responses to The Colour Purple. Jump Cut, no. 33, Feb. 1988, pp. 43-51 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hall, S. (1973) Encoding and Decoding in the Television Discourse Birmingham: CCS 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Henry Jenkins (2001) OUT OF THE CLOSET AND INTO THE UNIVERSE' Queers and Star Trek 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   MELANIE NASH AND MARTTI LAHTI (2001) "Utmost Ashamed to Say I am the One of Those Girls " Titanic, Leonardo Dicaprio, and the paradoxes of girls' fandom   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Morley, David (1980) The 'Nationwide' Audience: Structure and Decoding. London: BFI. ISBN 0-85170-097-7   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Procter, James. (2004) Stuart Hall, Routledge critical thinkers.

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Coup de fil - French Expression

Coup de fil - French Expression Expression: Un coup de filPronunciation: [koo d(eu) feel]Meaning: phone call​Literal translation: line hitRegister: informalNotes: The French expression un coup de fil is an informal* term for a phone call, and its usually used with one of three verbs: donner un coup de fil ( quelquun) -to make a phone call, to give (someone) a call passer un coup de fil ( quelquun) -to make a phone call, to give (someone) a call recevoir un coup de fil (de quelquun) -to receive/get a phone call (from someone) Examples   Ã‚  Ã‚  Passe-moi / Donne-moi un coup de fil  !  Ã‚  Ã‚  Give me a call!  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jai reà §u un coup de fil de mon frà ¨re.  Ã‚  Ã‚  I got a call from my brother, My brother called me.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Juste un coup de fil et je pars.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Just a phone call and Im leaving. (I just have to make a phone call and then Im leaving). Synonyms   Ã‚  Ã‚  *The normal (as opposed to informal) terms are un coup de tà ©là ©phone, un appel, and un appel tà ©là ©phonique.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Other ways to say to call (someone) are passer/donner un coup de tà ©là ©phone ( quelquun), tà ©là ©phoner ( quelquun), and appeler (quelquun). More Expressions with donnerExpressions with passerExpressions with coupExpressions with deOn the phoneMost common French phrases

Monday, November 4, 2019

The Internet and the Role it plays in the Lives of Consumers and Term Paper

The Internet and the Role it plays in the Lives of Consumers and Businesses - Term Paper Example line Advertising 13 The Ability to Purchase Goods and Services at any Time 14 Timely Customer Service 14 Announcements and Promotions 14 Improved Bargaining Power for Customers 15 Share Experiences on Company Blogs 16 Disadvantages of the Internet for Customers 16 Conclusion 17 Bibliography 18 The Internet and the Role it plays in the Lives of Consumers and Businesses What is the Internet? According to Shuman (2001), it is gradually becoming more and more difficult to reach a consensual working definition of what exactly is the internet. However, it can broadly be defined as a worldwide interconnection of thousands of separate computer networks. The Internet was originally developed in the 1960’s in the United States and it was intended to help link the country’s government agencies with various universities and colleges. However, the internet’s real expansion was first witnessed in the early years of the 1990’s when thousands of different companies as wel l as millions of individual persons realized that they could actually be able to easily afford the necessary telecommunication technology as well as the graphic browsers that are found to be vital in securing access to the internet as well as exchanging messages (Oggerino, 2001). Since its introduction, the internet has played a strategically vital role in revolutionizing communications and computers. The internet is found to serve multiple roles by acting as a mechanism through which information can be disseminated, a vast and intricate world-wide broadcasting capability as well as acting as a medium that allows interaction and collaboration between various computers and the individuals operating them all over the world regardless of their present geographical location (Betz, 2011). The Internet is widely...These benefits are seen to range from reduced advertisement costs for businesses, large market share and penetration to making it easier for business organization in general to be able to carry out cheaper and more effective market surveys. Customers are also able to experience several key benefits that are seen to result from the role played by the internet such as it is now relatively easier for customers to be able to make various purchases from their homes, they are also able quickly compare the price of a given commodity between different stores before making a purchase a factor which makes them gain more bargaining power. However there are several innate disadvantages that have been seen to affect both customers and businesses as a result of the role that the internet is seen to play. Some of these disadvantageous roles that are played by the internet are seen to include, increased risk of identity theft on the part of the customers and the common fact that business enterprises and especially so those in the entertainment industry are finding it increasingly difficult to adequately safeguard their intellectual properties (Fatayerji, 2004). Regardless of the specific role that the internet has been seen to have played that has impacted either customers or businesses, it’s continuous and general influence cannot be ignored and it is important for all business organizations and customers to ensure that they continuously evaluate it so as to effectively determine any advantages they stand to reap or the potential dangers resulting from the role played by the internet.

Saturday, November 2, 2019

Electricity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Electricity - Essay Example Moreover, the industrial sector and business of any country owes its development to the electricity system of that country. Energy consumption is also an omen of a country’s wealth, because higher consumption indicates a higher proportion of middle class, who can afford to utilize energy. (Hill) This graph show that Global demand for Electricity is set to grow 76% by 2030 (source: WNA, July 2012) .This is only a little reflection of the whole story, whereas in developed countries like United States, frequent brownouts result when the consumption grows. It also results in total blackouts at times of storms. In other countries such as India, it is getting difficult to fulfill the energy demand for domestic matters, resulting in power outages for several hours. This is worsened with the additional buying of electric appliances, inability of electric companies to generate electricity and illegal theft by people. But, frequent brownouts or prolonged blackout affect the sales of electrically powered products. A major part of the electricity generated every year goes to power electrical appliances at home such as televisions, computers, kitchen appliances, etc. Sudden blackout affects the performance of electrical appliances. Fluctuating voltage, which is the result of this blackout, causes lower operational efficiency in electrical appliances. This frequent brownout and prolonged shutdown affects the electrical appliances in a way that it increases the losses of the buyers, causes changes in power and voltage and premature wearing of the router. Blackout may also produce defective parts in automatic or computerized machines and it causes unwanted triggering of the units of UPS, thereby causing the malfunctioning of the security system and inconsistency in the speed of the motor. All these defects that occur as a result of frequent